EspoCRM through 10.0.8 uses PHP's rand() function to generate tokens for lead-capture opt-in, event invitation, and campaign URLs instead of a cryptographically secure generator. Remote unauthenticated attackers can guess these roughly 31-bit tokens to confirm opt-ins, accept or decline event invitations on behalf of other contacts, and access event details.

该漏洞影响 EspoCRM 10.0.8 及之前的所有版本。EspoCRM 是一款开源的客户关系管理（CRM）与销售自动化平台，广泛用于线索管理、营销活动和客户互动。问题根源在于：系统在三个业务场景中——潜在客户线索捕获（lead-capture）的订阅确认（opt-in）、事件邀请（event invitation）的接受/拒绝链接、以及营销活动（campaign）URL——均使用 PHP 内置的 rand() 函数来生成令牌，而非使用密码学安全的随机数生成器（如 random_bytes() 或 random_int()）。rand() 属于非密码学安全的伪随机数生成器，其输出空间有限，本场景下生成的令牌熵值仅约 31 位，且种子可预测性较强，攻击者可通过暴力枚举或统计推断的方式大幅缩小搜索范围。攻击者无需任何认证即可远程发起攻击：通过猜测令牌，可以替其他联系人确认线索订阅、以其名义接受或拒绝事件邀请、以及访问事件详情页面，从而造成轻度的信息泄露与数据完整性篡改。CVSS 3.1 评分为 4.8（AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N），攻击向量为网络、无需权限与用户交互，但攻击复杂度较高（需枚举令牌），机密性与完整性影响均为低，不涉及可用性影响。官方在 CVSS 元数据中标注的评分为中等，目前未列入 CISA KEV，也没有任何来源表明该漏洞已被在野利用或已武器化。修复思路是改用安全随机数生成器并提升令牌长度，同时对相关端点实施速率限制与重放防护。

gorilla/websocket used `math/rand` (cryptographically weak pseudo-random number generator) to generate WebSocket frame mask keys prior to commit d67f4185. WebSocket masking keys MUST be unpredictable to prevent frame content injection attacks. math/rand produces deterministic output when seeded with a known value, enabling an attacker to predict or recover mask keys and inject content into WebSock

sm-crypto provides JavaScript implementations of the Chinese cryptographic algorithms SM2, SM3, and SM4. Prior to 0.5.0, the default no-argument sm2.generateKeyPairHex() path in Node.js uses the module-wide SecureRandom instance in src/sm2/utils.js, supplied by jsbn@1.1.0, which seeds an ARC4 stream from Math.random() and new Date().getTime() because window.crypto.getRandomValues is unavailable ev

A flaw was found in the Data Science Pipelines Operator. This vulnerability allows an unauthenticated attacker to derive sensitive credentials, such as MariaDB root/user passwords and MinIO access/secret keys, if they can access the MinIO Route or MariaDB Service. The flaw occurs because the operator uses a cryptographically weak pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) to generate these credentials,

A flaw was found in the Data Science Pipelines Operator. This vulnerability allows an unauthenticated attacker to derive sensitive credentials, such as MariaDB root/user passwords and MinIO access/secret keys, if they can access the MinIO Route or MariaDB Service. The flaw occurs because the operator uses a cryptographically weak pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) to generate these credentials,

crypto-js is a JavaScript library of crypto standards. Versions of crypto-js prior to 4.0.0 generate randomness in CryptoJS.lib.WordArray.random() using a custom variation of the Multiply-With-Carry pseudorandom number generator, seeded from Math.random(), instead of a cryptographically secure source. This generator was introduced in version 3.1.2-4 and remained present in nearly every 3.x release

### Summary `CryptoJS.lib.WordArray.random()` in affected versions is not a cryptographically secure random number generator. Nominal requests for 128 or 256 bits of entropy produce effective search spaces of approximately 2^39 and 2^47 possibilities — small enough to enumerate on commodity hardware. Coinspect's [Ill Bloom](https://www.coinspect.com/blog/ill-bloom-investigation/) investigation c

crypto-js is a JavaScript library of crypto standards. Versions of crypto-js prior to 4.0.0 generate randomness in CryptoJS.lib.WordArray.random() using a custom variation of the Multiply-With-Carry pseudorandom number generator, seeded from Math.random(), instead of a cryptographically secure source. This generator was introduced in version 3.1.2-4 and remained present in nearly every 3.x release

IBM Langflow OSS contains a weak cryptographic key derivation vulnerability in the ensure_fernet_key() function.

## Summary `sm-crypto` (npm package **0.4.0**, the latest release, published 2026-01-20) generates SM2 private keys and signing ephemeral scalars from a single module-wide RNG instance (`src/sm2/utils.js`: `const rng = new SecureRandom()`). `SecureRandom` is jsbn's PRNG, which seeds an **ARC4** stream from `window.crypto.getRandomValues` when available. **In Node.js — sm-crypto's primary runtime

Persistent URL login keys were also generated using a non-cryptographic random generator with insufficient entropy.

Persistent URL login keys were also generated using a non-cryptographic random generator with insufficient entropy.

A flaw was found in librest. The PKCE implementation for OAuth authorization uses the GRand function from the GLib API, a cryptographically insecure pseudo-random number generator. Because the generated "code verifier" lacks sufficient cryptographic entropy, a malicious actor can reverse-engineer the pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) seed to predict or reconstruct the code verifier string, all

ExtremeXOS (EXOS) uses a challenge-response mechanism to authorize access to the privileged debug-mode function. The challenge value is generated using an insufficiently random source, which under certain conditions may allow an attacker to predict the expected response and activate debug-mode without authorization. Depending on device configuration and version, this may enable escalation to root-

Dancer2 versions through 2.1.0 for Perl generate insecure session ids when CSPRNG modules are unavailable. Dancer2::Core::Role::SessionFactory::generate_id silently falls back to a built-in rand-derived session id when both Math::Random::ISAAC::XS and Crypt::URandom are unavailable. The fallback session id is generated from a SHA-1 hash of a call to the built-in rand function, the absolute path

Crypt::Password versions through 0.28 for Perl generate insecure random values for salts. These versions use the built-in rand function, which is predictable and unsuitable for cryptography.

Dancer2 versions through 2.1.0 for Perl generate insecure session ids when CSPRNG modules are unavailable. Dancer2::Core::Role::SessionFactory::generate_id silently falls back to a built-in rand-derived session id when both Math::Random::ISAAC::XS and Crypt::URandom are unavailable. The fallback session id is generated from a SHA-1 hash of a call to the built-in rand function, the absolute path

GD::SecurityImage versions through 1.75 for Perl use rand to generate secrets. The random method creates the challenge text used for the CAPTCHA by sampling characters from an array using Perl's built-in rand function, and generates a (by default) six-character string. The built-in rand function is unsuitable for security applications because it is predictable and reversible.

GD::SecurityImage versions through 1.75 for Perl use rand to generate secrets. The random method creates the challenge text used for the CAPTCHA by sampling characters from an array using Perl's built-in rand function, and generates a (by default) six-character string. The built-in rand function is unsuitable for security applications because it is predictable and reversible.

WireGuard Easy through 15.3.0, fixed in commit 66b292b, contains a cryptographically weak one-time link token generation vulnerability that allows unauthenticated network attackers to recover WireGuard peer credentials by brute-forcing a keyspace of at most 1000 candidate tokens per client ID, as the token is computed using CRC32 over a random value constrained to 0-999. Attackers can enumerate ca

WireGuard Easy through 15.3.0, fixed in commit 66b292b, contains a cryptographically weak one-time link token generation vulnerability that allows unauthenticated network attackers to recover WireGuard peer credentials by brute-forcing a keyspace of at most 1000 candidate tokens per client ID, as the token is computed using CRC32 over a random value constrained to 0-999. Attackers can enumerate ca

WireGuard Easy through 15.3.0, fixed in commit 66b292b, contains a cryptographically weak one-time link token generation vulnerability that allows unauthenticated network attackers to recover WireGuard peer credentials by brute-forcing a keyspace of at most 1000 candidate tokens per client ID, as the token is computed using CRC32 over a random value constrained to 0-999. Attackers can enumerate ca

Rejetto HFS 3.0.0 through 3.2.0 derives its session-cookie signing key from the non-cryptographic Math.random() generator and discloses outputs of the same generator to unauthenticated clients during login. A remote attacker can collect a small number of login responses, reconstruct the generator's state, recover the signing key, and forge a valid administrator session cookie, leading to full admi

Rejetto HFS 3.0.0 through 3.2.0 derives its session-cookie signing key from the non-cryptographic Math.random() generator and discloses outputs of the same generator to unauthenticated clients during login. A remote attacker can collect a small number of login responses, reconstruct the generator's state, recover the signing key, and forge a valid administrator session cookie, leading to full admi

The DoLogin Security plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Authentication Bypass via Insufficient Randomness in all versions up to, and including, 4.3. The vulnerability exists because `dologin\s::rrand()` seeds the Mersenne Twister with `mt_srand((double) microtime() * 1000000)` — discarding the integer-seconds component of `microtime()` and constraining the seed to a range of approximately 10^6

CGI::Session::ID::md5 versions before 4.49 for Perl generate predictable session ids from low-entropy sources. The generate_id method builds the session id from a MD5 digest of the process id, the epoch time, and the built-in rand() function. All three are predictable, low-entropy sources: the PID is drawn from a small range, the epoch time can be guessed or read from the HTTP Date header, and Pe

UltraVNC through 1.8.2.2 uses inadequate cryptography in the MS-Logon II authentication scheme (rfbUltraVNC_MsLogonIIAuth). In rfb/dh.cpp the Diffie-Hellman key exchange is performed with parameters that fit in an unsigned 64-bit integer (DH_MAX_BITS controls the prime size). A 64-bit DH key can be broken by Pollard's rho algorithm in under one second on current hardware. Additionally, the private

UltraVNC through 1.8.2.2 uses a cryptographically weak pseudo-random number generator to produce VNC authentication challenge bytes. In rfb/vncauth.c:119-129, the vncRandomBytes() function seeds libc rand() with time(0) + getpid() + rand() and generates a 16-byte challenge. The combined seed space is approximately 31 bits (libc rand() internal state) and is entirely determined by publicly-observab

IBM Langflow OSS 1.0.0 through 1.10.0 Langflow could allow disclosure of all stored credentials due to the use of a weak and reversible key derivation mechanism for encryption at rest.

Net::BitTorrent versions through 2.0.1 for Perl generate the MSE Diffie-Hellman private key with a non-cryptographic PRNG. The MSE (Message Stream Encryption) handshake derives its 160-bit Diffie-Hellman private key from Perl's rand(), a non-cryptographic drand48-class generator seeded once per process, in KeyExchange.pm. The shared secret and the RC4 keys derived from it (the SHA-1 of "keyA" or

In JetBrains Hub before 2026.1.13757, 2025.3.148033, 2025.2.148048, 2025.1.148120, 2024.3.148430, 2024.2.148429 account takeover via predictable restore codes was possible

Mojolicious::Sessions::Storable versions through 0.05 for Perl generate session ids insecurely. The default session id generator returns a SHA-1 hash seeded with the built-in rand function, the epoch time, the heap address of an anonymous hash, and the PID. These are predictable or low-entropy sources that are unsuitable for security purposes.

Mojolicious::Sessions::Storable versions through 0.05 for Perl generate session ids insecurely. The default session id generator returns a SHA-1 hash seeded with the built-in rand function, the epoch time, the heap address of an anonymous hash, and the PID. These are predictable or low-entropy sources that are unsuitable for security purposes.

Dancer2::Plugin::Auth::OAuth versions before 0.22 for Perl default to a predictable nonce. The default nonce was generated using an MD5 hash of the epoch time, which is predictable.

Dancer2::Plugin::Auth::OAuth versions before 0.22 for Perl default to a predictable nonce. The default nonce was generated using an MD5 hash of the epoch time, which is predictable.

Crypt::PBKDF2 versions before 0.261630 for Perl generate insecure random values for salts. These versions use the built-in rand function, which is predictable and unsuitable for cryptography.

HAX CMS helps manage microsite universe with PHP or NodeJs backends. Versions prior to 26.0.1 use `uniqid` for generating salts, which is unsuitable. Version 26.0.1 fixes the issue.

The linqi application contains hardcoded cryptographic keys. Additionally, the application uses a weak algorithm with a limited ASCII charset to dynamically generate Initialization Vectors (IVs) for AES/CBC encryption, making known-plaintext attacks feasible. An attacker with local access can leverage these vulnerabilities to decrypt sensitive obfuscated strings, including ConnectionString values

Weak Randomness / Insecure Cryptographic Primitive (CWE-338) in Get-RandomPassword in BOSH-Ecosystem / windows-utilities-release allows a network attacker to estimate VM boot time and reconstruct a small candidate list to recover the Administrator password. The randomize_password job exists solely to lock the local Administrator account behind an unguessable password as a hardening control. Becaus

CVE-2026-41858 是 BOSH-Ecosystem / windows-utilities-release 组件中 Get-RandomPassword 函数存在的弱随机数生成漏洞（CWE-338）。该函数用于生成随机密码以锁定本地 Administrator 账户，作为强化控制。然而，其密码生成依赖于可预测的、基于时钟种子的伪随机数生成器（PRNG）。因此，能够估计虚拟机启动时间的网络攻击者，可以重建一个较小的候选密码列表，并从中恢复 Administrator 密码，从而绕过该强化控制。漏洞影响 windows-utilities-release 所有低于 v0.23.0 的版本（含 v0.23.0），已在 v0.23.0 版本中修复。CVSS 评分为 7.5（高），攻击向量为网络，攻击复杂度低，无需特权或用户交互，影响机密性（高），但不影响完整性和可用性。EPSS 评分暂无，且未被列入已知利用漏洞目录（KEV），也未见在野利用报告。建议受影响用户立即升级至 v0.23.0 或更高版本，同时限制对相关管理端口的网络暴露，以降低风险。

Crypt::ScryptKDF versions through 0.010 for Perl uses insecure random number source when no CSPRNG module is available. The random_bytes function fell back to using the built-in rand() function when none of the Perl modules Crypt::PRNG, Crypt::OpenSSL::Random, Net::SSLeay, Crypt::Random, or Bytes::Random::Secure were available.

Crypt::SaltedHash versions through 0.09 for Perl generate insecure random values for salts. These versions use the built-in rand function, which is predictable and unsuitable for cryptography.

Crypt::SaltedHash versions through 0.09 for Perl generate insecure random values for salts. These versions use the built-in rand function, which is predictable and unsuitable for cryptography.

Magento Long Term Support (LTS) is an unofficial, community-driven project provides an alternative to the Magento Community Edition e-commerce platform with a high level of backward compatibility. Prior to 20.18.0, the XML-RPC / SOAP API session ID is generated using an outdated, time-based construction rather than a Cryptographically Secure Pseudo-Random Number Generator (CSPRNG). All inputs to t

Apache::Session::Generate::SHA256 versions before 1.3.19 for Perl create insecure session ids. Apache::Session::Generate::SHA256 generated session ids insecurely. The default session id generator returns a SHA-256 hash of the built-in rand() function, the epoch time, and the PID, that is hashed again. These are predictable, low-entropy sources. Predicable session ids could allow an attacker to ga

Apache::Session::Generate::SHA256 versions before 1.3.19 for Perl create insecure session ids. Apache::Session::Generate::SHA256 generated session ids insecurely. The default session id generator returns a SHA-256 hash of the built-in rand() function, the epoch time, and the PID, that is hashed again. These are predictable, low-entropy sources. Predicable session ids could allow an attacker to ga

Amazon::Credentials versions through 1.2.0 for Perl uses rand to generate encryption keys. Amazon::Credentials stores credentials in an obfuscated form to prevent access to the secrets from a data dump of the object. Before version 1.3.0, the secrets were encrypted using a 64-bit key that was generated using the built-in rand function, which is predictable and unsuitable for cryptography.

WebDyne::Session versions through 2.075 for Perl generates the session id insecurely. The session handler generates the session id from an MD5 hash seeded with a call to the built-in rand() function. The rand function is passed a maximum value based on the process id, the epoch time and the reference address of the object, but this information will have no effect on the overall quality of the see

Crypt::PasswdMD5 versions through 1.42 for Perl generates insecure random values for salts. The built-in rand function is predictable, and unsuitable for cryptography.

Crypt::PasswdMD5 versions through 1.42 for Perl generates insecure random values for salts. The built-in rand function is predictable, and unsuitable for cryptography.

RELATE is a web-based courseware package. Prior to commit 2f68e16, RELATE is vulnerable to predictable token generation in auth.py's make_sign_in_key() function and exam.py's gen_ticket_code() function. This issue has been patched via commit 2f68e16.

Affected Version: OpenMage LTS ≤ 20.16.0 (confirmed on `20.16.0`) Affected File: `https://github.com/OpenMage/magento-lts/blob/main/app/code/core/Mage/Api/Model/Session.php` – `start()` method ## Summary The XML-RPC / SOAP API session ID is generated using an outdated, time-based construction rather than a Cryptographically Secure Pseudo-Random Number Generator (CSPRNG): ```php The XML-RPC /

Dancer::Session::Abstract versions through 1.3522 for Perl generates session ids insecurely. The session id is generated from summing the character codepoints of the absolute pathname with the process id, the epoch time and calls to the built-in rand() function to return a number between 0 and 999-billion, and concatenating that result three times. The path name might be known or guessed by an a

SmarterTools SmarterMail builds prior to 9610 contain a cryptographic weakness in the file and email sharing endpoints that use DES-CBC encryption with keys and initialization vectors derived from System.Random seeded with insufficient entropy, reducing the seed space to approximately 19,000 possible values. An unauthenticated attacker can use the attachment download endpoint as an oracle to deter